The Emergence and Development of the Kurdish Political Movement in Syria

2020-06-13
Writing about the history of the Kurdish political movement in Syria, including its arise and formation mechanism requires significant and extensive research and investigation, due to the absence of the references, studies, researches and books that examined the Kurdish political, social and cultural situation in Syria. This report is based on the principle of outlining the early stages of the emergence of Kurdish cultural, social, youth and political communities in Syria, starting from the French Mandate of Syria to the Syrian Republic independence, to the unity government, until Al-Baath Party came to power as of today. We hope this preliminary summary and this introduction will be an opportunity to prepare a broader concept, projects and research programs that address the Kurdish national awareness rise in Syria, examine its political and social conditions, and mark the beginning of organizational groups' formation in the Kurdish society.

The Kurdish political movement in Syria has experienced numerous political, social, and regional circumstances and interactions since its emergence. In addition, its members have been subjected to repression, harassment, arrest, exile, and security-related prosecution by the security services of the consecutive Syrian governments to rule in Syria. Nevertheless, on the other hand, in exceptional circumstances, including the Syrian revolution, the Kurdish political parties focus in Syria was mainly based on partisan organizational work, internal defections, and individual control of parties' critical decisions.
Security-related pressures and the political, regional and tribal incoherence had resulted in great defections in the Kurdish political movement, where dozens of Kurdish political parties were established and defected from their main parties until the Kurdish followers and researchers in Kurdish parties' affairs had forgotten the political map and the number of parties and their officials, as well as the way they work and their similar political programs.

The Kurdish political movement in Syria had remained largely missing and lacking its political decision, and it sometimes was linked to Kurdish hubs. It had also no influence on the political solution in Syria and was not involved in international conferences as a representative of the second largest nationalism in the country. Some researchers and observers attribute this to the absence of opinion unity, the Kurdish position, and the absence of internal Kurdish consensus, even though three conferences that were working on a Kurdish-Kurdish consensus took place at different times, but unfortunately, all of them failed.
Although the Kurdish political movement parties claim that they have political programs and projects to resolve the Kurdish issue in Syria, these projects are among the requests and desires, in which only the Kurds may believe. Meaning that these political projects that political parties refer to are merely theoretical papers without legal, political and research dimensions and are not more than identifiable foundations that can be presented by individuals, rather than political institutions and groups.

Table of Contents:
Introduction:
The Beginning of The Civil and Political Movement of The Kurds:
- First: The Kurdish Cultural and Social Associations and Clubs in Syria
1- Yakityea Khortaan (Youth Unit/Solidarity) Association -1939
2- Cooperation and Helping the Poor Kurds Association - 1932
3- The Kurdish Youth Club in Amouda
4- The Kurdish Cultural Revival Association-1955:
- Second: The Establishment of the Kurdish Political Movement in Syria
The Kurdish Movement Under Al-Baath Governments
The Kurdish Political Parties' Map in Syria
- First: The Kurdish National Council
- Second: Democratic Society Movement
- Third: The Self-Administration In NES (National Unity Parties)
- Fourth: The National Kurdish Alliance in Syria
- Fifth: Kurdish Parties Outside the Frameworks of Previous Alliances
Conclusion

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